CRISPR/CAS9 Gene Editing with Targeted Peptides
Clustered, Regularly Interspaced, Short Palindromic Repeats “CRISPR” is an adaptive immune defense mechanism present in bacteria to degrade foreign genetic material, which is integrated into the CRISPR locus. The CRISPR/Cas9 system uses a combination of 2 types of molecules : a nuclease (the gene editor) and a guide RNA (which helps the nuclease find the right place to edit). CRISPR/Cas9 edits genes by precisely cutting DNA, and then letting natural DNA repair processes to take over. DNA damage is repaired by cellular DNA repair mechanisms, via either the non-homologous end joining DNA repair pathway (NHEJ), which leads to insertions or deletions creating errors or the homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway, which can be used to recombine selected markers at specific sites in the genome.
CRISPR/CAS9 gene editing technology has the potential to revise, delete, and replace almost any gene in human cells in highly targeted manner. Hence, advances in this technology will help us to develop awfully specific drugs for people with a wide variety of diseases.